Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by an arbovirus, transmitted through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. These mosquitoes are also vectors for other mosquito-borne illnesses, such as dengue. These mosquitoes bite primarily during daylight hours and they lay eggs in containers with standing water. Both species feed outdoors, and Ae. aegypti also feeds indoors.  The disease usually presents with sudden onset of fever and severe joint pain, which can be debilitating and may persist for days to weeks. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, rash, headache, muscle pain, nausea, and fatigue. 

The Ministry of Health has taken significant steps to strengthen the surveillance system. Since late 2024, sporadic outbreaks of chikungunya have been confirmed in the Western province and Kandy districts. Sentinel site surveillance is actively ongoing in Colombo, Gampaha and Kandy districts, while event-based surveillance has been enhanced to identify unusual illness patterns and detect emerging clusters. These measures are essential for monitoring disease trends and enabling timely public health responses.

Prevention is key; eliminate mosquito breeding sites, use repellents, wear long-sleeved clothing, and screen windows and doors. The public is advised to seek early medical attention if fever and joint pain occur, to rule out dengue and receive appropriate care. There is no specific treatment for chikungunya, and recovery relies on rest, hydration, and symptom relief. Minimizing mosquito exposure during the first week of illness helps prevent further spread of the virus within the community.